What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual Every Relationship Betw

What does a relationship do for an individual? Every relationship between a male and female change their current status. Having a relationship affected me in many ways in which some are good and some bad. The good and bad sides to having a relationship are lower grades, need of more money, but a better social life. One of the main reasons why students receive lower grades are due to relationships. Having to be able to keep in touch with the one you have feelings for takes time away from your homework andother things you might need to accomplish. Some students may be able to get their priorities straight and stay on track but its highly unlikely. Your homwork piles up little by little and you won't even notice it until the day before all the work is due! That'swhen you'll realize you're behind, but by then it's too late. Money is a key factor to a relationship because in a relationship every couple wants to do things togetherlike watch a movie, eat dinner, or buy him/her a gift. You may be able to stay on track in school, have high grades, etc. but the point is its better when you have a relationship than not having one. Well, for most people anyways. One thing for sure is that you'll have a better social life. You'll have someone to talk to when you have problems and someone to lean on She can be a great comfort to you if the person actually does care for you. If you're going out with a person becausethe person just has a nice physical appearance, than you might not have that luxury, but it is a great convenience for most people. I hope this has informed everyone that read this about the good and bad sides to having a relationship. There are many other reasons to a relationship, but these are the main three things to it, at least for me anyways. My advice to everyone is, wait until you're out of school if you want a good future, because it can really mess your grades up, but if you're willing to be diligent and can live with less sleep then by all means......start a relationship. At least, one that will last.

Free Essays on The Life Of Music Of Sarah Vaughan

Instruments have always been essential to jazz music but one great vocalist one knew how to captivate listeners in such a way that her voice was all that they heard. Sarah Lois Vaughan was born March 27, 1924 in Newark, New Jersey to a family of a non- famous musical background. Vaughan started early with her musical interest by playing piano, sang in the church choir playing the organ by age 12 and attending Arts High School. In 1942, at the age of 18, Sarah and a friend decided to enter an amateur contest in the now famous Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. Sarah won the prize of ten dollars and a weeks performance at the theater for singing †Body and Soul† but that is not all she won that day. Billy Eckstine, who was at that time a part of Earl â€Å"FATHA† Hines Big Band invited her to be second pianist and a vocalist in this band. By 1944 Hines had decided to form his own band which included Vaughan along with greats like Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, and Charlie Parker and was known for it’s be-bop style music. During this time she made her first recordings and did a duet with Gillespie called â€Å"Lover Man†. Sarah had later made the decision to go solo. â€Å"Sassy† and â€Å"The Divine One† were two of nicknames given to Vaughan and by 1947 she had married trumpeter George Treadwell. In ’49 she had signed with Columbia Records with a five- year contract. It is during this time where it is said Vaughan did most of her â€Å"sweet† or â€Å"commercial† work. In 1954 when her work with Columbia had been finished Sarah signed with Mercury. This was a great move for her, Mercury also had a more jazz based label called EmArcy, leaving Vaughan free to record both â€Å"popular† and her true love jazz. On the EmArcy label, Sarah recorded with artists such as Cannonball Aderly and Count Basie’s Band. On the more commercial side of her music Sarah was making music with her long time friend Billy Eckstine. Many of articles sa... Free Essays on The Life Of Music Of Sarah Vaughan Free Essays on The Life Of Music Of Sarah Vaughan Instruments have always been essential to jazz music but one great vocalist one knew how to captivate listeners in such a way that her voice was all that they heard. Sarah Lois Vaughan was born March 27, 1924 in Newark, New Jersey to a family of a non- famous musical background. Vaughan started early with her musical interest by playing piano, sang in the church choir playing the organ by age 12 and attending Arts High School. In 1942, at the age of 18, Sarah and a friend decided to enter an amateur contest in the now famous Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. Sarah won the prize of ten dollars and a weeks performance at the theater for singing †Body and Soul† but that is not all she won that day. Billy Eckstine, who was at that time a part of Earl â€Å"FATHA† Hines Big Band invited her to be second pianist and a vocalist in this band. By 1944 Hines had decided to form his own band which included Vaughan along with greats like Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, and Charlie Parker and was known for it’s be-bop style music. During this time she made her first recordings and did a duet with Gillespie called â€Å"Lover Man†. Sarah had later made the decision to go solo. â€Å"Sassy† and â€Å"The Divine One† were two of nicknames given to Vaughan and by 1947 she had married trumpeter George Treadwell. In ’49 she had signed with Columbia Records with a five- year contract. It is during this time where it is said Vaughan did most of her â€Å"sweet† or â€Å"commercial† work. In 1954 when her work with Columbia had been finished Sarah signed with Mercury. This was a great move for her, Mercury also had a more jazz based label called EmArcy, leaving Vaughan free to record both â€Å"popular† and her true love jazz. On the EmArcy label, Sarah recorded with artists such as Cannonball Aderly and Count Basie’s Band. On the more commercial side of her music Sarah was making music with her long time friend Billy Eckstine. Many of articles sa...

A Reaction to Hitler's Table Talk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Reaction to Hitler's Table Talk - Essay Example It had a very casual atmosphere, conducive to the Fuhrer’s relaxed sharing of his inner thoughts and feelings. The Table Talks therefore reflect Hitler’s most intimate self, not known directly from his public functions and formal addresses. From 1941 to 1942, two notebooks of talks were compiled, published only after World War II. In this short paper, a few lines are taken for comment. This may be an inadequate way to react to these informal talks, but it is still a good start to inspire interest for this important account of his informal monologues. I don’t dream of imposing my philosophy on a village girl Dreams are most intimate to persons, but somehow they can reveal the inner psyche of people. â€Å"Dreams,† in this instance refer not directly to the trancelike state during sleep, but to Hitler’s intention to respect the mind of a village girl, symbolic of the peasants among Germany’s people. Hitler knew he had a philosophy of life to im part to others, but he says he has no intention of coercing anyone to his point of view. If they will believe him, it must be through the rational process of persuasion and re-education. In life, Hitler would show that he had the gift of persuasion, making coercion actually needless insofar as convincing people to his point of view. ... In time, Hitler rose to the pedestal as Germany’s political leader. A biographer of Hitler wrote that at the height of his career, â€Å"for hundreds of thousands, soon for millions, Hitler became an idol whose rise they applauded with convulsive emotion. . . he strides down streets lined with shouting, sobbing people’ (Fest 66). Given the wide popularity and adulation of the people, Hitler in his Table Talks would have thought that imposing ideas on people especially so on a peasant girl would be a needless exercise. Of course, there is another side to Table Talks, and this relates to actual developments brought about by Hitler’s Third Reich. Soon after he gained Chancellorship, concentration camps were set up in order to imprison and later to execute those who opposed the state, including journalists, clergymen, artists, soldiers, etc. Table Talks are therefore one way of saying one thing and doing something different from what are said. I don’t want to force National Socialism on anybody Hitler’s incarceration as a political agitator gave him time to read, reflect and write down his thoughts into a book, the Mein Kampf. While he would admit his book was a confused piece of writing, it would reflect his ideas about National Socialism and its pan-Germanic utopian dream. For Hitler, National Socialism was a grandiose vision, not a simple political movement. Beyond nationalism and socialism, Hitler thought of world change along Darwin’s natural struggle of the fittest, the genetic breeding of a superior German race, and world domination that equals the Bolshevik dream of a communist globe. Hitler thought that the radical ideals of his mind will require subtle mass re-education.

Essay 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

3 - Essay Example Siddhartha Gautama was the pioneer of Buddhism and the religion is based on psychological expressions and representations like yoga. The religion is based on several doctrines. Some of these doctrines are the four noble truths, eight-fold path, and ideas of impermanence and anatman The four noble truths are; life is characterized by suffering, suffering is caused by desire or grasping, cease grasping and follow the eight-fold path. The eight-fold path consists of right view, right intention, right speech, right actions, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. Impermanence and anatman relies on the understanding that everything fluctuates and it is dependent upon everything else. During its spread in Asia, Buddhism blended with other cultures in Korea, China and Japan. In China, Buddhists absorbed some sections of Daoism and Confucian religion. In Japan, Buddhism has several denominations like Tendai, Pure Land, Nichiren, Shingon and Zen. In Korea, Buddhism has been absorbed in other religions such as indigenous shamanism, new religions, Christianity, Confucianism and Daoism. Muslims use one sacred book called the Holy Qur’an and the Buddhists use several sacred books. Buddhists concentrate more on the psychological wellbeing than the spiritual wellbeing. In Buddhism, spirituality is attained one when dies and your actions determine what you shall gain. On the other hand, Muslims’ spirituality wellness in the world is the key to attaining eternity. What happens after death is explained differently in each case. Buddhists believe that every being will undergo cycles of transformation according to their actions into other beings. In contrast, Muslims believe that there will be paradise after death, no transformation into other beings will occur. A creator does not exist in Buddhism, existence of such means suffering

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Review - Essay Example Allen& Jensen (1995) Pg 5-8, claim that freedom of speech is not supreme in any country and is subject to restrictions such as slander, libel, incitement or obscenity. In this regard, this paper aims to review a book that deals with the First Amendment and some aspects of freedom of expression, the overarching themes and key points made in the chapter, as well response grounded on what I have learned this far about free expression. In addition, I will also explain some of concerns and questions raised by the material. In chapter 3 of Allen & Jensen (1995), pg 11-16 it talks about the first amendment of the United States in terms of the prohibiting the federal, municipal or state to establish religion or have a preference for one religion over another. Subsequently, this law has been interpreted differently in the American history, for example, some say that it separates church and state, in addition to preventing the government from establishing a church. Additionally, it explains th at as long the freedom of religion law does not target a particular religion, then it does not violate the Clause Free Exercise. The congress is also said to have passed an Act called the Religious Freedom Restoration, in which it aimed to restore the standard of religion interest, also known as â€Å"Compelling Interest†. ... He argues that the Act is based on the first amendment unconstitutionally. However, the freedom of speech is recognized in article 19 under Human Rights Universal Declaration as well as in human rights international law in the Covenant on political and civil rights international. Chapter 3 of Allen& Jensen (1995), Pg 21-22, acknowledges that, the Article states that everyone has the right to hold opinions without any interferences, as well as the right to freedom of expression. Therefore, this right includes the freedom to receive, impart, and seek ideas and information of all kinds, either in oral, writing or print. The article also explains that the exercise of such rights also carries unique responsibilities and duties and can therefore be subject to restrictions if necessary. Allen& Jensen (1995), Pg. 22-30 also notes out that under the article 19, the concepts of freedom of press adopted Article 11, freedom of expression stating that free communication of opinions and ideas is t he most important right of every human being. Therefore, every citizen may print, speak, and write accordingly, but should be responsible for any abuse of freedom as law defines. The freedom of expression and speech is recognized in regional and international law of rights, in which the right is confined in Article 19 of international political and civil rights. Allen& Jensen (1995), Pg30- 35 argue that freedom of expression is understood as multi-functional rights which include not only the right to disseminate, or express ideas and information but other aspects like the right to impart, seek and receive information and ideas. Nevertheless, regional, national, and international

Factors Affecting Witness Accounts

Factors Affecting Witness Accounts Witnesses Accounts and the Reality The information given by an informant may vary significantly with the actual information or what happened on the ground. The most basic question that interviewers, weather in the justice system or in research always grapple with is how to know whether the informant is giving the truth (Dean Whyte 1958). It would be difficult to determine whether this information is the actual absolute truth. However, most interviewers use epistemological approaches to detect the level of truth in the interviewees information. Navarro (2012) asserts that the researches that have been conducted over a long period have not come up with a single conclusive modality of truth detection. Witness accounts may also lack a level of truth or may vary from the reality that transpired at the scene of the event. This difference can be motivated by several factors that range from the effects of the environment to psychological factors. This essay examines the main reasons that can lead to a distortion of the witness accounts from the reality. Specifically, the paper looks at the deflection of the truth due to perception and the effect of long-term memory on the accounts given by the witness. Laub (1992) examines the effect of age and long term memory on the ability to reconstruct the happenings of the Holocaust. At the time of the happenings, the author was a small child that had little knowledge of the happenings in the world. It has to be remembered that the events lasted some time and at the time of the witnessing, the author was already an adult. The author appears to have had a precocious development at the initial stage of life, making him to be able to make out the events. Through learning the basics of this event and the impact of age, the author is able to clearly understand the happening as they should have been. The only difference is that the ability to exaggerate or distort the information is quiet high. In the long term memory, the author cannot single out the specific details of each even and has to fill in the missing information from common knowledge. The deflection of the accounts given, in this case, is based on the learning experience on the subject that the witness has had over a period. In (Dean Whyte 1958), this long term effect of learning on the memory of a witness is described as cognitive formulation. The common knowledge here is that what the witness will have learnt over time will cause a difference on the accounts are given and the actual truth. In Callender (2011), the temporal aspects of philosophy are discussed with regards to the existence of the self. In this study, the author opines that there is a possibility of change in individuals over a period whether physical or in mental strength through learning. The discussion about eternalists is also reviewed by this study. It demonstrates the fact that eternalists perception of different times as analogous to the difference in locations. The argument presented by the eternalist here is that different events that occur or exits at different times give the specific ti mes different images. It is, therefore, possible to have a different perception of time and the events that occurred at those times. This spatial difference and learning is what supports the notion that it is possible to have a different of account from the real happening. A prevalent emotion in time also has an effect on the objectivity of the judgment of an agent or individual (Campbell-Sills, Barlow, Brown, Hofmann 2006). At the time of delivering an account of happenings, the emotional component of the witness are likely to impact on the testimony because this was not present at the time of the occurrence of an event. The argument here can take two facets: first it is difficult to give a real simulation of the events that transpired in terms of emotion. Secondly, the impact of the prevailing emotions of another individual could distort the contents of the account. As a result, emotions play a double role in the delivery of the accounts of witnesses both of which are subjective on the long term memory. On rare cases, the judgment of a person to give an objective account despite the subjective effect of the emotions has also taken place. In this case, emotions are not considered but the correct and proper outcome as is the norm is the guiding princi ple. Apart from the emotional context generated in the long term memory of a person through learning, it is possible that the effect of subjective perception could generate a level of difference. In subjective perception, the main idea is that everyone develops a meaning of the world as they so experience it. As a result, the difference in the experiences that have been gathered in the long term memory of individuals could be the cause of difference on the level of perception. In psychology, subjective perception and the resultant impact on the result of surveys is the main reason for disputing the level of accuracy of a research. This notion of subjective perception mainly concerns the researches that are conducted through the use of observation and non-scientific method. The reason for the bias in the observation and non-scientific methods is that each individuals observation would be different from the reality. And this also informs the difference in accounts of eye witnesses. Perception is closely related to the aspect of objectivity in individuals. Coon (2006) illustrates this objectivity role of perception as the ability of one to just recognize and believe what they see. When one sees something, the mind registers the image generated and can recognize the image. Other sensory stimuli information is also perceived by the brain. The sensory input is first received by the appropriate sensor then taken through the recognition process which utilizes the knowledge that is already owned by the individual. The brain compares the input by the data or information that the individual has learnt over time and selects the closest information that the same individual has of the same input. The mechanism of perception is can also be used to explain the idea behind an illusion. It is common knowledge that illusions are things that can be perceived wrongly. The simplest explanation that can be given in illusions is that the senses send a wrong signal to the brain for i nterpretation returning a wrong conclusion. The result of illusions can also weigh in on the major differences of witness account as compared to the reality. This is mainly attributed to the wrong interpretation or the ability of an event to have more than one interpretation The comparison mechanism in perception is the main reason there could a difference in the perception of different persons. It has been known that there are objects which can be perceived in more than one way. Apart from the different perceptions of a similar object, there is a possibility that different persons might have different perceptions. A common example of the difference in perception is the fact that different persons might perceive a similar color in two different ways. This condition is usually referred to as color blindness (Brewer, Heitzeg, 2008). Color blindness is a common reason for the difference of the witness accounts in cases where the witness is required to pin point the actual color of an object. The result is that while the color could be known or perceived singly by many, a witness could give a different account of the same. In perceptual learning, humans tend to develop a habit or a distinct pattern of learning. These patterns of learning if altered could result to the distortion of the information that is received by the individual. According to Coon (2006), these patterns are imparted by the prevalent norms in a society. It also gives an example of an inverted picture of a human head. Most persons walk upright and as such a human mind is accustomed to learning facial differences at an upright posture. Significant differences can be noted if the same picture of a human head were looked at from the two perspectives. The perception mechanism as described in human psychology has two parts that involve the detection and the search mechanisms. According to Shiffrin Schneider (1977), this process can either be automatic or controlled by an individual. Once the attention of a person has been drawn towards some stimuli input, the control of the process is shifted to the brain power. In a controlled perception, the study found out that the mechanism is serialized. It also requires a high level of input by the user which could limit the amount of information one retains in the whole process. In an automatically controlled process, the input of the user is limited and as such much of the processing power of the brain is focused on generating the conclusion of the perception exercise. These two different forms of perception could be the basis of the difference between a witness account and the reality. As notes, if the process was automatically triggered then the witness could end up with much information as it can which could be the truth anyway. However, if the process is controlled by the individual, it is possible that there could be a large amount of information (Shiffrin Schneider 1977) that is left out in the process. The study further explains that it is difficult to ignore, alter or delete from the long-term memory of a person if the perception was automatically instigated. Apart from memory and perception factor, Undue egocentrism is also a factor in deflecting the opinion of the witness that can cause a difference between the account given by a witness and the truth. This argument proposes that the impact of subjectivity on the minds of individuals is the main cause of the distortion of the account. An example of this would be an account given of a vehicle accident. A witness can state that the driver of the vehicle that was swerving was drunk at the time, and nothing else could be affecting the driving. This is an egocentric opinion or emotions that foster the belief that such driving must only be caused by drinking. Studies that have been conducted on the distributive justice judgment indicate that the basis of the conclusion either the norms or the egoistic self-serving notions (Ramsbotham, Miall, Woodhouse 2011). Apart from these forces, egocentrism is also part of the judgment that could lead to a skewed judgment in giving witness accounts. In conclusion, the level of accuracy in most of the accounts given by witnesses would be varied from the truth. At an early age, a witness would give a different account from the account given after a longer period usually in adulthood. The reason behind this level of difference is that as a person grows, the details in the long term memory can be forgotten or lost. Apart from the loss, there is a possibility that the learning process changes the ideas that a person has. The level of knowledge will shape their opinion and how they would have reported the whole event at an early age. It would take a precocious ability to reproduce the exact account owing to the time difference and the learning process. Perception is also an important aspect (Kuehn1974) of the delivery of a witness account. The main reason which can lead to the difference in the accounts given and the reality include the ability of certain objects to have double perception. A possibility of confusion through the illusion is also a factor that could limit the accuracy of the account. As an individual experiences a world from childhood, the experiences are custom to the person and can also affect the accuracy or the information that is given. It is, therefore, important to have the individuals who verify the accounts of witnesses to take into account the impact of all these factors on the truth value of the account. Bibliography BREWER, R. M., HEITZEG, N. A. (2008). The racialization of crime and punishment  criminal justice, color-blind racism, and the political economy of the prison industrial complex. American Behavioral Scientist, 51(5), 625-644. CALLENDER, C. (2011). The Oxford handbook of philosophy of time. Oxford, Oxford  University Press. CAMPBELL-SILLS, L., BARLOW, D. H., BROWN, T. A., HOFMANN, S. G. (2006).  Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(9), 1251-1263. COON, D. (2006). Psychology: a modular approach to mind and behavior. Belmont, CA,  Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. DEAN, J. P., WHYTE, W. F. (1958). How do you know if the informant is telling the truth?.  Human Organization, 17(2), 34-38.   KUEHN, L. L. (1974). Looking down a gun barrel: Person perception and violent crime.  Perceptual and Motor Skills, 39(3), 1159-1164. LAUB, D. (1992). An event without a witness: Truth, testimony and survival. Testimony: Crises  of witnessing in literature, psychoanalysis, and history, 75-92. NAVARRO, J. (2012). The Truth About Lie Detection. Psychology Today.   RAMSBOTHAM, O., MIALL, H., WOODHOUSE, T. (2011). Contemporary conflict  resolution. Polity. SCHNEIDER, W., SHIFFRIN, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information  processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological review, 84(1), 1. SHIFFRIN, R. M., SCHNEIDER, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information  processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. Psychological review, 84(2), 127.

TV Families and Real Families Essay -- Family, television

As early as 1950, television families have depicted not only the way we live today, but also the way we ought to live (Tueth, 2003). Hence, television has continued to present comedies about family life that ranges from the didactic model of domestic conventionalist and gradually to non-conventionalist ways of life. By conventionalist, I mean the depiction of the â€Å"nuclear† family that consists of clear roles, responsibilities, and gentle lines of authority that flow from the wise dad and understanding mom to the obedient children (Kutalas, 2005). Examples of these types of shows between 1947 to 1990 that constructed more than 60% of family sitcoms included: The Cleavers, The Cosby Show, Father Knows Best, Family Ties, and Growing Pains (Morgan & Signorielli, 1990). The original nuclear families portrayed in shows such as Father Knows Best, were also defined as having a father who was the breadwinner, the rule maker, and the mediator of disputes, a mother who was socia ble, witty, and good natured, and an average of 2.2 children that mostly consisted of boys that were obedient, and when confused, they would find out that father did know best, even about their personal childhood problems. These conventional sitcoms worked as a formula that changed the expectations of viewers who would find these families not only amusing, but instructional and taught moral lessons each episode (Tueth, 2003). And by non-conventionalist ways of life, I mean families which were â€Å"non-nuclear†, such as single parent families and gay families. These types of families made up 40% of the family sitcoms and included shows such as: Who’s The Boss, Kate and Allie, and Modern Family (Morgan & Signorielli, 1990). Making up more than 80% of the dramatic ... ...thin 22-minutes, but they may also view it in a way to learn how to handle certain family or marital problems (Morgan & Signorielli, 1990). Works Cited Bartlett, K. T. (1994) Rethinking Parenthood As an Exclusive Status: The need for Legal Alternatives when the Premise of the Nuclear Family has failed. (pp. 879) Kutulas, J, (2005) Who Rules the Roost?: Sitcom Family Dynamics from the Cleavers to the Osbournes (pp. 49-58) Morgan, M., Sinorielli, N., (1990) Television and the Family: The Cultivation Perspective (pp. 333-347) Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Skill, T., Robinson, J., (1994) Four Decades of families on television: A demographic profile 1950-1989, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol. 38, Issue 4 Tueth, M. V., (2003) Back to the Drawing Board: The family in animated television comedy (pp. 133-146)

Nation of Islam Essay

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. He was born to a minister father that was a supporter of Black Nationalist Movement leader Marcus Garvey, which resulted in Malcolm experiencing discrimination and racial hatred from an early age. His father was killed and his home burned when Malcolm was young, and Malcolm was jailed in his early twenties after several run-ins with the law following his father’s death. He joined the Nation of Islam in while in prison, and when he was paroled in 1952 he was named the national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X was an outspoken, articulate, charismatic man that used television, radio, and every other form of media available to convey the Nation’s message. He preached for militant stance in the black community and for equal rights for African Americans, â€Å"by any means necessary†. This unwavering stance and militant attitude made some see Malcolm as a threat and he was followed under FBI surveillance until he was assassinated in 1965. He used his charisma and his steadfast beliefs to make the message of the Nation of Islam well known in America and to bring the issue of African American rights to the forefront of American consciousness. His mission later transformed from fighting for African American rights to fighting for equal human rights for every race, and he enforced the same militant stance with his new message. Mahatma Gandhi was a human rights leader like Malcolm X but he delivered his message in a very different way. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, he was given the name Mahatma because it means, â€Å"great soul†. He was born in British-ruled India and practiced law in South Africa which was also ruled by Britain. While in South Africa he began a twenty-year campaign for Indian freedom. Instead of X’s militant, unmoving approach, Gandhi practiced and taught the principles of non-violent resistance. He believed it was more honourable to be jailed for one’s cause than to create violence. He also practiced fasting as a way of conveying his message of peace and non-violence. He returned to India after twenty years and became the leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement. After India was declared independent in 1947, it was divided into India and Pakistan and the two countries rioted against one another. Gandhi began a fast to encourage the leaders to stop fighting. After he fasted for five days, the fighting stopped and the countries were at peace until Gandhi was assassinated shortly after. Until his death, Gandhi epitomized his message to, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world†. He saw no value in violence, and thought that the message of non-violence as a way of protest could bring tolerance, peace and unity more effectively than any violent act could. Despite the change in his place of residence and the political climate of his country he stayed true to his message of peace and unity.

A Student Lesson Plan for Writing Story Problems

A Student Lesson Plan for Writing Story Problems This lesson gives students practice with story problems by teaching them how to write their own and solve the problems of their classmates. The plan is designed for third-grade students. It requires 45 minutes and additional class periods. Objective Students will use addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to write and solve story problems. Common Core Standard  Met This lesson plan satisfies the following Common Core standard in the Operations and Algebraic Thinking category  and the Representing  and Solving Problems Involving Multiplication and Division subcategory. This lesson meets standard 3.OA.3:  Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. Materials White paperColoring pencils or crayonsPencil Key Terms Story problemsSentencesAdditionSubtractionMultiplicationDivision Lesson Introduction If your class uses a textbook, choose a story problem from a recent chapter and invite students to come up and solve it. Mention to them that with their imaginations, they could write much better problems, and will do so in todays lesson. Instruction Tell students that the learning target for this lesson is to be able to write interesting and challenging story problems for their classmates to solve.Model one problem for them, using their input. Begin by asking for two student names to use in the problem. Desiree and Sam will be our examples.What are Desiree and Sam doing? Going to the pool? Getting lunch at a restaurant? Going grocery shopping? Have the students set the scene as you record the information.Bring the math in when they decide what is going on in the story. If Desiree and Sam are getting lunch in a restaurant, maybe they want four pieces of pizza, and each piece is $3.00. If they are grocery shopping, maybe they want six apples at $1.00 each, or  two boxes of crackers at $3.50 each.Once the students have discussed their scenarios, model how to write a question as an  equation. In the above example, if you want to find the total cost of the food, you may write 4 pieces of pizza X $3.00 X, where X represents the t otal cost of the food. Give students time to experiment with these problems. Its very common for them to create an excellent scenario, but then make mistakes in the equation. Continue working on these until they are able to create their own and solve the problems that their classmates create. Assessment For homework, ask students to write their own story problem. For extra credit, or just for fun, ask students to involve family members and get everyone at home to write a problem, too. Share as a class the next day- its fun when the parents get involved. Evaluation The evaluation for this lesson can and should be ongoing. Keep these story problems bound in a three-ring binder in a learning center. Continue adding to it as students write more and more complex problems. Make copies of the story problems every so often, and collect these documents in a student portfolio. The problems are sure to show the students growth over time.

Pharmaceutical products Essay Example

Preposterous costs of Biotech/ Pharmaceutical products Essay Example Preposterous costs of Biotech/ Pharmaceutical products Paper Preposterous costs of Biotech/ Pharmaceutical products Paper Biotech / Pharmaceutical companies incur huge costs in brining a drug to the market. This paper details the process of drug development right from the stage of preclinical trials to the final stage when the drug gets FDA approval. The paper gives an insight about the costs incurred by the companies in the drug development process. Considering the specific example of Genentechs controversial anti-cancer drug Avastin, its cost is compared with the value it delivers to its customer (a person suffering from cancer). Drug development is a very costly affair which involves high risks. Though the risks in the process of drug development overweigh the benefits, the drug manufacturers are motivated to undertake such a process because of the current patent laws which promise a good reward for a comparatively good product. Moreover, the very survival of many of the pharmaceutical companies world over depend to a large extent on the new products coming out of their pipeline. Thus pharmaceutical companies world over invest billions of dollars every year in the development of new drugs. No doubt they try to get back the money that they invest from their customers. The success rate of developing a new drug is shockingly low. Not every drug tested in the laboratory is launched in the market. A drug has to undergo several stages of development before it is successfully launched in the market. A company has to screen through many thousand compounds that show promising result before it could take on the task of development of a promising compound. This eventually increases the cost of development of drug as many compounds that are tested are discarded in the preliminary stages of development. For every 1,000 compounds that are identified by a company, only about 30 show promising results. And for every 30 compounds that show promise, three get past the first round of clinical trials and finally, only one hit the market. Sometimes compounds are to be dropped off during regulatory approval process. Thus, to introduce one new drug, a company needs to start with many thousands of compounds. (Janodia, Manthan 2007) The process of drug development is a very slow one and it is scrutinized at every stage by the FDA. According to PhRMA (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America), on an average it takes around 12 to 15 years to develop a new drug. This crawling rate of drug development can be attributed to the numerous stages that are involved in the process of drug development. Even before the drug is tested on humans, it needs to undergo the process of preclinical testing where it is tested on animals. The different phases of preclinical testing preceded by drug discovery consume around 6.5 years. The three phases of clinical trials (before the market launch and FDA approval) require around 7 years. It would take around one and a half years to assess the safety of the drug on healthy volunteers in phase I trials. The effectiveness of the drug needs to be proved in the phase II trials which consumes around 2 years. To confirm the pharmacological actions of the drug and also its effects on long term use need to be studied on a few thousands of humans which requires around three and a half years. Further, one and a half years of post marketing clinical data analysis needs to be done before the FDA approval for the drug could be obtained successfully. Let us now have a look at the different stages of the drug development process.

Choose a quote from a journal article and use it to put forth your own Essay

Choose a quote from a journal article and use it to put forth your own argument - Essay Example The term hegemony, historically, signifies a city, state or country that has exerted power and might over other cities and/or countries, indirectly rather than directly through military rule. Modern day use of the word hegemony refers to a group of people exercising power over another group, suppressing and influencing their existence and aspects of life. A very common example found in society today could be of the wealthy and rich class being able to exercise might over the poor solely due to the latter’s ability to utilize money and wealth to affect elements of society and control the lives of the poor. The subaltern is a highly complex term that is used to refer to certain kinds of dispossessed people who fit the model of the oppressor or the oppressed as the individual so marginalized that he/she does not even carry the ‘voice’ of the oppressed. So we can say that if the oppressor is ‘Other’ and the oppressed is ‘Self’, then the subal tern is the one invisible to both the Other and the Self. Some scholars suggest that the term subaltern reflects the term proletariat. â€Å"Some thinkers use it in a general sense to refer to marginalized groups and the lower classes – a person rendered without agency by his or her social status.† (Young, Robert J.C., 2003). ... Reflecting the concepts of hegemony and subalternty in the Karl Marx’s theory, we can say that the subalterns are under the spell of false consciousness; a state that does not allow them to realize the fact that they are being oppressed by the hegemons, and accept their condition and position in society as fate. They are under the false impression that nothing can absolutely be done to improve their statuses. Since hegemony is practiced through the use of wealth, the hegemons have used the value of their wealth and riches to form a structure called the media and have used it’s influential power to further marginalize and oppress the subalterns. The subalterns are said to have no ‘voice’ and no strength, therefore it is believed impossible for these groups to rebel and earn their positions and statuses. â€Å"There's really no such thing as the 'voiceless'. There are only the deliberately silenced, or the preferably unheard.†Ã‚  (Arundhati Roy). It is clearly evident that the subalterns did not by cause of nature exist in such a marginalized, oppressed and ‘voiceless’ form, rather these characteristics were forced upon them by hegemony. However, according to Karl Marx’s theory, the subalterns will eventually develop a voice for themselves, a rebellious voice and utilize it’s power. Following the theory of Historical Materialism, the subalterns will gradually through a lot of push and pull, emerge out of their state of false consciousness and realize that they are being led falsely astray by their oppressors. The power and influence of wealth and the media will no longer be able to play their roles in creating an illusion of helplessness for the subalterns to believe in; instead

Evaluate the transition from oil based world economy to an economy Essay

Evaluate the transition from oil based world economy to an economy driven by alternative energy sources - Essay Example Further, there have been adverse effects on the environment from using oil. In the last fifty years, industrialization across the world has led to increases in carbon emission, depletion of the ozone layer, melting of ice caps and a general decrease in the quality of life. Besides this, oil is a non-renewable resource. This means that its quantities on earth are limited and will at some point be depleted. This makes the use of oil as a source of energy unsustainable and unreliable. Herald (12) uses the phrase ‘Peak Oil’ to describe the time when the world will reach its peak oil production. This will subsequently lead to decline in oil production and the rise in oil prices, causing a significant, yet unpredictable impact. At the moment, some of these consequences are already being experienced in the world. The amount of oil being produced surpasses the amount of new oil supplies being discovered. This indicates that the peak oil stage is fast approaching. With these fact s in mind, there is a greater need to shift the world economy to one that is dependent on renewable energy sources that can be replenished and which do not harm the environment. The following is an evaluation of the significance of this transition and its link to the economic and political processes of the world and the effects of this new venture on the world climate. To avert the effects of oil shortage on the world economy, there have been collaborative efforts to focus on alternative energy sources. These are other sources of energy besides fossil fuels. According to Michaelides (20), what constitutes to an alternative energy source is still being debated. However, the idea behind the term refers to any energy source that is environmentally friendly and not necessarily renewable. Some of these sources include wind, solar, ethanol, hydroelectric power, geothermal power and nuclear energy. These sources have enormous potential and they are able to meet the world energy demands man y times over. Their uptake despite being on the increase over the years has not yet surpassed that of traditional energy sources. Combined, these sources contribute up to only 20 percent of the world energy demand currently. Wind has been one of the best alternative sources which have become a competitive energy source in the world. It is preferred because is clean energy source and produces no pollution in generating power. Its rebirth was particularly focused on after the 1970 oil crisis. This saw a lot of research being conducted to harness wind and to improve wind turbines. Much more needs to be done to promote the use of wind energy such as the reduction of the cost of equipment, better policies to address the competitive land use and availability of distribution and transmission channels. Energy generation from wind is facing a challenge because it relies on high wind speeds, a factor which is not easily attained in densely populated regions. To tackle this hurdle, countries s uch as the Netherlands are opting to set up wind stations in areas which are far from the population although this requires for increase in distribution costs. Some of the countries that have fronted wind energy and encouraged its use include Spain, USA, Denmark and Germany. Wind energy is fast growing as a replacement for oil and these governments are giving incentives to encourage this